The Serpent Iago free essay sample

A paper which investigates the job of the snake, Iago, in Shakespeares catastrophe, Othello. The paper shows that the narrative of the first sin was an imperatively significant one for Christians from the beginning of time, and in the broadly Christian world for which William Shakespeare composed, its unadulterated truth went unchallenged. The paper talks about how from multiple points of view, the play Othello might be viewed as a political, passionate, and shocking reaction to similar inquiries of information, culpability and demise that this creation legend rouses. It shows how the snake, Iago, persuades the first and perfect man to oppose god looking for information that he should not have, and which will just pulverize him: Thus Othello tumbles from quality and immaculateness to shortcoming, debasement, and passing. Act III, Scene III, is by a long shot the most stacked and vital scene in the play. It is in this scene that Othello is really lured to take the illegal natural product in his grasp and to let that green-looked at beast of desire to run free in his heart. We will compose a custom paper test on The Serpent Iago or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Like a recently made animal, toward the start of the seen he is a happy multi year old husband. Positively he has seen a lot of the world, won fights and experienced desperate waterways, however he is still from multiple points of view untainted and honest.

Identifying Infinitive Phrases Exercises and Practice

Distinguishing Infinitive Phrases Exercises and Practice An infinitive is a verbalusually gone before by the molecule tothat can work in a sentence as a thing, a descriptor, or a qualifier. This activity will test your capacity to perceive infinitive expressions and recognize them from prepositional expressions. Directions Each sentence underneath contains in any event one infinitive expression. A few (however not the entirety) of the sentences likewise incorporate prepositional expressions starting with to. Recognize just the infinitive phrase(s) in each sentence, and afterward contrast your reactions and the appropriate responses underneath. More than all else, I needed some time alone to read.My grandma disclosed to me that we have been put on earth to share, to mind, to offer, and to receive.While the train was halted at the station, Bugsy endeavored to move to the highest point of one of the cargo cars.Mama Day advises the residents of the island to tune in to the crows rather than the news announcements. (Gloria Naylor, Mama Day)During the Great Depression, crowds needed to giggle when they went to the movies.Every Wednesday, six ladies from Wisbech went to the stronghold to do the week by week wash.On the most recent night of the retreat, we needed to sing a tune to end a night that had been especially contacting to us all.The duke left the duchess at a Red Roof Inn and continued to head to the nation to see his mother.At the finish of their long experience, Lucy and Edmund are informed that they are too old to even consider returning to Narnia again.Within each Ring of Plague Sabine had composed, there was a finish ed arrangement of forces: one to battle with ice, one to see through soil, one to toss lightning, one to fly, one to blur, one to recoil, one to inhale fire, one to run like the breeze, one to tunnel, one to see through stone, one to suspend items, and one to push and tie dreams. (Obert Skye, Leven Thumps and the Whispered Secret) Here (in strong print) are the appropriate responses. More than all else, I needed some time aloneâ to read.My grandma revealed to me that we have been put on earthâ to share,/ to care,â / to give, andâ to receive.While the train was halted at the station, Bugsy attemptedâ to climbâ to the highest point of one of the cargo cars.Mama Day tells the residents of the islandâ to listenâ to the crows rather than the news releases. (Gloria Naylor, Mama Day)During the Great Depression, crowds wantedâ to laughâ when they went to the movies.Every Wednesday, six ladies from Wisbech went to the castleâ to do the week after week wash.On the most recent night of the retreat, we wantedâ to sing a songâ / to end an eveningâ that had been especially contacting to us all.The duke left the duchess at a Red Roof Inn and proceededâ to driveâ to the countryâ to see his mother.At the finish of their long experience, Lucy and Edmund are informed that they are too oldâ to returnâ to Narnia again.Within each Ring of Plague Sabine had c omposed, there was a finished collection of forces: oneâ to battle with ice, oneâ to transparent soil, oneâ to toss lightning, oneâ to fly, oneâ to blur, oneâ to psychologist, oneâ to inhale fire, oneâ to run like the breeze, oneâ to tunnel, oneâ to transparent stone, oneâ to suspend objects, and oneâ to push and tie dreams. (Obert Skye, Leven Thumps and the Whispered Secret)

Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the Math

Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the Math Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the Math Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the MathFirst of all, you need to figure out how much this bad credit loan  really costs. Second, youll need to check whether or not you can afford the proposed payments.Bad credit loans can serve a very useful purpose in people’s lives. When you have a financial emergency and don’t have any savings to cover it, these products can help you keep your financial ship afloat.But that doesn’t mean that you should be taking out the first bad credit loan you see. Like with any other financial obligation, you need to do your research and find the product that works best for you.And with bad credit loans, that means doing some math.First, figure out the APR.Bad credit loans come with higher interest rates than standard personal loans. That’s unavoidable. Due to the increased risk of default, bad credit lenders have to charge higher rates than lenders that only work with good credit borrowers.But some lenders charge rates that are w ay higher than others. And if you’re not careful, you could end up with a much more expensive loan than you could otherwise qualify for.This is especially true with short-term bad credit loans like payday loans, cash advances, and title loans. These products are designed to be paid back in a matter of weeks, not a matter of years, and that can distort how much they actually cost compared to standard personal loans.In order to make an apples-to-apples comparison between different types of loans, it’s best if you look at their annual percentage rates, or APRS, instead of their stated interest charges. APR measure how much a loan will cost (including fees and interest) over the course of a full year.Here’s an example:A typical two-week payday loan comes with an interest rate of $15 per $100 borrowed. So if you were to borrow $300 with a loan, you would be paying back $345 on the loan’s due date, which would be set for 14 days in the future.A 15 percent interest rate doesn’t s ound too bad, right?But remember, that loan is charging you rate of 15 percent over only a two-week period! If you were to roll over or reborrow that loanâ€"something that it all too commonâ€"you would end up paying an additional 15 percent for those next two weeks.Let’s look at that payday loan’s APR. a 15 percent rate charged over 14 days comes out to an APR of … 391 percent! This gives you a better idea of how much costlier this loan is than a standard personal loan.As we said, bad credit loans are always going to more expensive than the kinds of loans offered to people with good or fair credit. But that still means you should be shopping around to find the least expensive loan available.Can you afford your payments?Of course, finding the loan that will cost you the least amount of money overall isn’t everything. Because while short-term no credit check loans like payday loans will cost more on paper than a bad credit installment loan, you could very well end up with a na sty surprise.Namely, you might find that you have trouble paying off your short-term loan on time, forcing you to roll it over and extend the due date (in return for more interest) or take out another loan immediately after you pay off the old one. Either way, your cost of borrowing starts to go up. And fast.It’s not like this is uncommon, either. One report from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found that the average payday loan borrower took out 10 loans a year. A short-term solution? It sure doesn’t seem like one!So what gives?Well, the problem with many short-term loans has to do with their payment structures. Namely, it’s the fact that the loan is paid off in a single lump sum. As it turns out, this single balloon payment can be difficult for many borrowers to afford!Sure, the idea of getting yourself out of debt quick sounds appealing. But there’s a flipside: The quick turnaround for payday and title loans means little to time to save.With such a large amount o f money getting debited at once from your bank account, you might find yourself with another financial shortfall, with bills to pay and not enough money to cover them. All of a sudden, you’re right back where you started.Before taking out any bad credit loan. You need to take a long, hard look at your budget and your cash flow. If the proposed loan payment isn’t something you can afford, then this product is going to cause more problems than it solves.According to one study from the Pew Research Centers, well over 80 percent of payday loan borrowers didn’t have enough money in their monthly budgets to cover their loan payments. When that happens, you could easily find yourself stuck in a recurring (and expensive!) cycle of debt.Checking your ability to repay.One way to avoid this is to find a bad credit lender who checks whether or not you can afford your loan. That way, you are receiving an extra layer of protection against taking out a product you can’t afford.Checking you r ability to repay is different from checking your credit score. While hard credit checks show up on your credit report (and will likely ding your credit score), a soft credit check or income verification won’t get recorded and won’t affect your score.When you have bad credit, it’s all too easy to get taken advantage of by a predatory lender that doesn’t care whether or not you can afford your loan. But skipping out on “guaranteed approval” loans can help you avoid them.Before you click “I agree” on that online loan agreement, take some time and do the math. You won’t regret it. To learn more about how you can protect your financial future, check out  these other articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousBuilding Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

The Physics Of Computer Science - 1314 Words

Introduction There has been vast and rapid development in the field of computer science since last couple of decades. From the abacus- early counting device, Napier’s Bones, Pascal’s Calculator, Leibnz Calculator, Analytical Engine, ENIAC, Transistors to Super Computer these has been a drastic sophistication in the field of computation. This pace can be seen and felt around us. Scientist has already developed and involved in the further advancement of quantum computers through different experiments which is believed to be the future of next generations top notch computation tools. The application of physical reality that quantum theory explains about the purpose of performing tasks that were before assumed to be impossible of infeasible outputted quantum information processing. The vast devices that are utilized to perform quantum information processing are known to be Quantum Computers. The word Quantum Computing itself means â€Å"study of theoretical computation systems (quantum computers) that make direct use of quantum- mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement to perform operations on data. Neil Gershenfeld (professor at MIT and director of MIT’s center for Bits and Atoms) said if this trend of making transistors smaller and smaller sustained with the pace as in recent years, then by 2020, the width of a wire in a computer chip will be no more than size of a single atom, where the rule of classical physics will no longer be pertained. (Manay, 1998,Show MoreRelatedPhysics : Quantum Computing And Computer Science859 Words   |  4 PagesQuantum Computing and Its Relation to Computer Science I have decided to write my paper on Quantum Computing. This is a difficult subject for me to wrap my head around, however I feel it is a very important field to look into more closely. Quantum Computing relates to the studies I have chosen, in the fact that it is actually a field that could potentially change Computer Science as it is known today. This could affect me in unforeseen ways, and I feel I need to know about it in order toRead MorePhysics And Computer Science Study The Behavior Of Complex Systems By Computer Simulation2326 Words   |  10 Pagesmodelling as ‘the use of mathematics, physics and computer science to study the behaviour of complex systems by computer simulation’ (http://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/computational-modeling) then that’s something I’m very familiar with, especially when modelling chemical processes in a manufacturing environment. In Chemistry, computational modelling is used for a range of different purposes (see Figure 1 below). You can use computer models to predict the behaviour of chemicalRead MoreMy Wish to Pursue a Masters Degree in Machine Learning and Computer Science925 Words   |  4 Pagesinterested in Mathematics and Physics. When I was 15, I read Fundamentals of Physics by David Halliday on my own as an extracurricular activity. It was fascinating for me that everything happening around us has a mathematical explanation based on the fundamental principles of Physics. When I was 16, I was accepted in the first round of the National Olympiad in Physics by being among the first 1000 participants. A year later, I repeated the same success in Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry. The sameRead MoreI Admire My Physics Teacher890 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of purpose First year in mid-school was the first time that I encountered Physics. It was a NODET (National Organization for Developing Exceptional Talents) school, so most of my teachers in different courses were the best of city. I admire my Physics teacher the most, since he supported me to build a new bond with science in general. Thus I became outstanding in this field and always was one of the bests in the school. I even once ranked 4th on an internal NODET exam, a competence withRead MorePhysics Of The Impossible By. Kaku1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe book â€Å"Physics of the Impossible† was written by Japanese American theoretical physicist Michio Kaku. Kaku generally writes books about physics or physics related topics. Among his three New Work Times best seller, Physics of Impossible is one in which Kaku utilizes discourse of theoretical advancements to acquaint themes of basic material science with the reader. In this book, Kaku represents physics in various ways so that the reader understands the significance of physics and implement in his/herRead MoreI Am Interested Into Learning1244 Words   |  5 Pageshave struggled with Calculus 1 and with Physics 1 and while initially that was very discouraging and made me want nothing to do with either subject, I now feel that struggling through those subjects may be the best thing I can do for myself, especially if my goal is to become an engineer. At the beginning of the year, I told my roommates that I wanted nothing to do with Physics or Calculus after this semester and yet now, I find myself enrolled in both Physics 2 and Calculus 2. I have enjoyed bothRead MoreWhy Algebra Should Be Considered Prudent?1358 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of college algebra in their degrees: Ph. D. physics teacher assistant Thilina Shihan, chess Grandmaster and Physics major Andrey Stukopin, and computer science major Guillermo Vazquez. Shihan states that physics without math, especially college algebra, would simply be u nsolvable. Moreover, he considers math to be the basic idea to explain â€Å"any quantitative disciplines† in fields such â€Å"physics, chemistry, finance, computer science, and economics† (Shihan, 2016). Furthermore, Andrey StukopinRead MoreAlgebra, Logical Thinking, Or Prerequisite For Future Courses Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pageswhat the problem is, question ourselves to what is given, and then realize the conditions that are presented which then helps us plan our strategy to solve a problem. This approach is useful not only in mathematics, but in other concepts such as in science. In algebra, logical thinking skills are used to make sense or make connections of a problem in order to find a solution. Mathematicians create universal analogies to certain topics. For instance, while students might use numbers as tools, theyRead MoreMy Major At Nicholls State University1715 Words   |  7 PagesSELF – EXPLORATION My major at Nicholls State University is Mathematics with a concentration in Computer Science; however, I plan to transfer to University of Louisiana at Lafayette to pursue a degree in Physics. The process in which one would solve a problem has always appealed to me. In math, specifically calculus, derivatives tell me how the original function acts and integrals tell me the relevance of the original function to the x – axis. Using a simple formula to find the answer to a seeminglyRead MoreOperations Research : The And Natural Sciences889 Words   |  4 PagesOften times when I take courses in math or natural sciences, questions occurred to my mind. Why am I taking these courses in pure sciences, even though they do not seem to have close connections to the real world? Indeed, I really enjoy taking courses in quantum mechanics, group theory, chaos in dynamical systems, etc., because I am enamored with, while painfully, the scientific complications I encounter in these courses . Meanwhile, these courses greatly help me foster my abilities to think, to analyze

Essay On The Atomic Bomb - 1048 Words

On August 6 and 9th, 1945, the world’s first atomic bombs were dropped in a race to end World War II. The first nuclear bomb, ‘Little Boy’, dropped over Hiroshima, Japan wiped out ninety percent of the city and immediately killed thousands. Three days later, a second atomic bomb dropped on this time over the city of Nagasaki. The bombs were created by scientists who worked in secret for years on The Manhattan Project to perfect weapons that would bring an end to the long and traumatizing fight of World War II. The use of the atomic bomb at the end of World War II has had global consequences that are still being dealt with today. Seventy-two years ago, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These bombs were†¦show more content†¦This bomb was a second attempt to force the Japanese to surrender in the early hours of August 9, 1945; the bomb led to the Japanese Supreme War Council meeting with the Emperor Hirohito. On the 14th of August, Emperor Hirohito accepted the Allied demand for Japan’s surrender, provided he remain as emperor. The Potsdam Declaration, which defined the terms for Japanese surrender, was signed by the United States, China, and Great Britain and on August 15, 1945, the surrender was officially announced. Before the two atomic bombs were dropped, no one could imagine the horror and devastation that would come with them. The destruction on these two days was so unbelievable that there is actually no count on how many people died; though, it’s estimated 90,000 to 160,000 people died in Hiroshima, and 60,000 to 80,000 people in Nagasaki. Majority of Americans approved of the bombings. A poll conducted days after the bombings found that 85% of Americans approved of the use of the bombs, while 10% opposed. Americans believed killing the Japanese would save more Americans lives in the future and that bombing was a more humanitarian way to end the war; however, many were left to endure slow painful deaths. According to The Radiation Effects Research Foundation, the countries exposure to radiation led to thousands of deaths as time passed. Illnesses such as cancers, mutations in the DNA of living cells, and leukaemia were results of the bombings, leaving the total number ofShow MoreRe lated The Atomic Bomb Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages it will be discussed why the Atomic Bomb is the biggest method of destruction known to man. The paper will be discussing the results of the Atomic Bombs, along with the effects years after the initial explosion. People always wonder how many people actually died in the two Atomic Bombs which were dropped in Japan. This question will be answered, along with the method that citizens were actually killed by the bomb. Besides the initial blast winds that an Atomic Bomb gives off, people may be killedRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Essays1209 Words   |  5 Pages August 6th, 1945, 70,0000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue whether or not the U.S. should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? To answer that first we must look at was going on in the world at the time of the conflict. The U.S. had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Moral was most likely low, and resources were at the same level as moralRead MoreAtomic Bomb Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb was the deadliest weapons in the history of war. Throughout World War II one of the most stubborn countries to surrender was Japan who relentlessly fought against the United States of America. After failing to defeat America, Japan was overwhelmed by allied forces. Staying with tradition however, Japan would rathe r die in battle than to surrender. The Soviet Union also fought against America but that was towards the end of the war. The United States dropped both of the Atomic BombsRead MoreEssay On The Atomic Bomb873 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Comp. Per. 4 Atomic Bomb Oppenheimer once said: Now I am become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds (recited from the Bhagavad-Gita). That was the day of Trinity, the first test of an atomic bombs raw, awesome power. It was the beginning of a deadly technology that is ever evolving to reach more dangerous heights: atomic and nuclear weapons. These weapons have only been fired twice, and yet the entire world is on edge when a country threatens to use them. The Atomic bomb was created out of fearRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe Atomic Bomb â€Å"The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians. But that attack isRead MoreEssay On The Atomic Bomb910 Words   |  4 PagesIt has been just over seven decades since the destructive atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. These bombs were the first of its kind-weapons of mass destruction. There are many points-of-view or opinions about whether or not the bombs should have been used. As always there are two sides to each story; those who are for a cause and those who are against. In this paper, I will discuss the two opposing points-of-view, as well as my own opinion on which argument I find most compelling. During WorldRead More Atomic Bomb Essay2139 Words   |  9 Pages Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima On the quiet morning of August 6, 1945, the United States shocked the world by dropping an atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima, Japan. (www.grolier.com) Hiroshima was a major industrial city with an estimated population of almost 400,000 people. A B-29 bomber was loaded with the Atomic Bomb and left the United States Pacific air base at 2:45 a.m. local time and dropped the bomb at 8:15 a.m. The bomb was detonated one minute after being dropped. The atomic bomb, nicknamedRead More Atomic Bomb Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pages On the morning of August 6, 1945, the first Atomic Bomb in history was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Soon after, on August 14, 1945, the Japanese abruptly surrendered, abandoning their ancient customs regarding honor in war. The fact that only two bombs were able to bring an entire country to its knees is a true testament to the awesome power they held. There is nothing in modern warfare that can compete with the devastatingRead MoreEssay On The Atomic Bomb837 Words   |  4 Pagesbasis, yet this type of strategy is still in use. Is the bombing of innocent people justified if it ultimately brings an end to the war? The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II clearly exemplifies the ethical question of whether bombing civilians was right or wrong. The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not clear cut. Harry S. Truman and his associated generals (Stimson and Groves) had to come to a conclusion on how to swiftly endRead MoreAtomic Bomb: Alperovitz Essay2382 Words   |  10 PagesWhy did the Truman Administration decide to drop the atomic bombs on Japan in 1945? There has been much debate as to why Truman elected to drop the atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the summer of 1945. Historians have long debated the true purpose to which the atomic bombs were designed to fulfil upon there deployment. The Alperovitz thesis of the 1960 was accepted for many years. The thesis revolved around the idea that the atomic weapons were deployed as diplomatic tools to intimidate

Nazi Opposition and the Holocaust Free Essays

In â€Å"Opposition and Resistance in Nazi Germany†, Frank McDonough explains that the Christian Church was the only organization in Hitler’s Germany that opposed Nazism.   For this reason, the Church was vehemently opposed by Hitler for Nazi opposition.   The chief opponents of Nazism within the Church were punished by the Nazis. We will write a custom essay sample on Nazi Opposition and the Holocaust or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Nevertheless, the Church refused to bow to the Nazi regime seeing as the values of the Church differed widely from Nazism. Samuel P. and Peral M. Oliner write in â€Å"The Holocaust: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretations† that there were around 50,000 to 500,000 non-Jews with altruistic personalities that came to rescue the Jews during World War II.   Although the period was marked by extreme violence and bloodshed, good was meant to overcome evil in the form of countless people that risked their lives for the Jews, despite the fact that they were not related to the Jews by religion, culture, or ethnicity. Peter Hayes mentions several such people by name in his article, â€Å"Lessons and Legacies: The Meaning of the Holocaust in a Changing World.†Ã‚   According to the author, although the Nazis believed that it was a crime to help the Jews, the brave people who helped the Jews refused to submit to Nazi pressure and injustice. Analysis All of the articles summarized above provide evidence to back up the authors’ theses.   While Frank McDonough provides historical examples of the conflict between the Church and Nazism; Samuel P. and Peral M. Oliner provide research evidence to show the altruistic characteristics of the brave non-Jewish rescuers that came to help the Jews without expecting a monetary reward in exchange for their help.   Peter Hayes uses the case study method to describe the altruistic personality of the non-Jewish rescuer. Hence, all three articles provide enough information for the writer to understand the respective topics in depth.   What is more, all three articles present information in a logical manner.   After introducing the topics of their articles, the authors present evidence to support their thesis, connecting each of their sentences and paragraphs to the previous ones.   At no point does it appear that the authors are digressing or providing little in terms of reasoning.   Rather, the articles are complete in terms of logic. Personal Response to the Readings In my opinion, the most important fact to infer from the summarized readings is that good and evil can be interwoven even in terms in great distress.   Indeed, it is good news for humanity that everybody would not submit to evil despite all odds.   So, even though the Nazis were a great threat for the good people in their area, innumerable such people refused to be afraid of Nazism,  and instead made an effort to help the Jews.   The Church refused to bow to Nazi dictatorship to boot.   I believe this is a victory for religion, even if the Jews were being persecuted because of their religion alone.   Indeed, my faith in the power of religion as well as good over evil has been strengthened through these readings.       How to cite Nazi Opposition and the Holocaust, Essay examples

Introduction to International Business- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to International Business for Global Strategy. Answer: A Review of Global Strategy: An Organizing Framework This article written by Sumantra Ghoshal aims at providing a conceptual framework relating to the different issues relevant to the global strategies. This article shall assist the managers working in multinationals corporations, in analyzing and reviewing the issues that are associated with the global strategies of such multinational corporations. The author discusses about the changing and developing concepts of global strategy, portraying the significance of an organization framework within a company. In his attempt to analyze the distinct views and concepts relating to global strategy, the author discusses about the theories asserted by Hout, Hamel, Prahalad and Levitt. In their opinion, the term global strategy encompasses international flow of human resources, development of values and advancement in technology. It is often observed that the corporate objectives contradict with each other owing to the multidimensional aspect that characterizes such corporate objectives. In the words of Ghoshal, Actions to achieve a particular objective often impede another equally important objective. The significance of this article lies on the fact that it acts as guidelines that would enable the managers of multinational companies to review their strategies that already exists instead of developing new ones for the purpose of achieving more global strategies (Ghoshal 1987). The article commences with several perspectives and prescriptions that have been developed by other writers and the author differentiates between his own perceptions with that of the other writers on global strategy. He precisely discussed the views of the four writers and entailed how their perceptions may contradict with each other. He further explains the difference between the integrated analysis of different means and ends are more useful as compared to the simple categorizing approach that merely differentiates between multi-domestic strategies. The author, Sumanta Ghoshal further advises the readers that in order to be successful, the firms must distinguish the management system of the firm so that the managerial activities fall under the internal consistencies within the firm and the external consistencies within its own environment. The author opines that this simply serves as a starting point for planning the overall strategies of the corporation (Ghoshal 1987). The author asserts that managers working in multinationals must have knowledge about the most effective global strategy and has provided theories that would assist the managers to understand the meaning and significance of global strategy in a corporation. On the other hand, the author states that the present literature contains certain confused and ambiguous findings that would hinder the implementation of the global strategies so recognized, in practice. This implies that although the author has provided several theories and concepts to understand the concept of global strategy and its importance for any corporation, but at the same time, the author did not clearly mention about any particular theory, which could be used in practice. Ghoshal asserts that the fundamental nature of an organizing framework and the means to a successful global strategy is to maintain the interaction between the various means and goals. The MNCs may be in a beneficial position with the implementation of the organizational framework, as the framework would outline the inconsistency between the various goals and means, focusing more on the strategic dilemmas (Ghoshal 1987). The author supports his argument with the presentation of a table that demonstrates the relationships between the strategies objectives and the sources of the advantage and the means of realizing the goals with the use of such sources. Ghoshal further combines the new-resource based theory with the traditional industrial organization-based theory with a view to form a stringent theoretical foundation (Ghoshal 1987). He also takes the internal industrial performance and the external international factors into account. He is of the view that in global trading, business performance can be enhanced if it is capable of adopting an appropriate and effective strategy that would make the maximum optimization of the internal resources and would be sufficiently competent to respond to any external challenges. Ghoshal further states that since the multinational companies set up its subsidiaries in various countries might be affected by contradictory values, conflicting cultures, geography, economic condition etc. In order to maximize the earnings of the company from the internal capabilities o the corporation, it is imperative for a multinational company to adopt and implement the innovative actions, adaptation and learning as they are considered as fundamental instruments to bring the corporation in an advantageous position (Ghoshal 1987). This argument presented by the author implies the fact that learning, innovation and adaptation which is known as the fundamental instrument of optimizing the internal capabilities of the multinationals, shall enable the corporation to survive the competitive performance and possibility of the company in the globalization economy. The author emphasis on the fact that for the purpose of making optimum use of potential for learning, the international organizations must also consider earning as a precise and specific objective. In this article, the author did not provide any further research on validity and reliability. The article did not provide any clear idea about the learning model to be build so as to enable the learning goals to attain the objectives in practice. This review has summarized as well as analyzed the article Global Strategy: An Organizing Framework written by Sumanta Ghoshal. The article acknowledged the complex nature of the issues in various ways, For instance, the author explained how the managers of multinational companies may contradict with each other while determining the appropriate strategic advantage for the companies. The article further explained the adverse effect that might arise with the globalization of the companies owing to the lack of knowledge and awareness among the managers with respect to the concept of global strategy and adoption of the type of global strategy that should be adopted for maximum optimization of the resources of the organizations. The information provided in this article is accurate, credible and easily accessible. The article has provided with a better understanding amongst the business community with respect to the advantage and the disadvantages that are associated with the globalization of the multinational companies. Reference Ghoshal, S., 1987. Global strategy: An organizing framework.Strategic management journal,8(5), pp.425-440. Introduction to International Business- MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Write about theIntroduction to International Business. Answer: Introduction: Globalization represents a process by which national economies become interdependent and integrated with one another. It is transforming the conventional way of conducting business across globe. Current globalization wave has also created impact on the way different industries are focusing on conducting business in Australian market. The globalization concept was started from the human civilization process. Adam Smith has argued against the mercantilist theory and advocated trade practices so that countries can able to produce their best product at cheaper price. In the current business structure, globalization has allowed businesses to reach beyond the geographical boundaries for achieving continues success (Papastergiadis, 2013). However, it has also increased the challenges for businesses related to the differences in culture, linguistic, education, values, oral and ethics among the people living in different geographical region. In 1980, Australia has opened up its economy as it was suffering with high unemployment rate and declining economy. Introduction of globalization in Australia has allowed foreign business entities to enter into the market, which has created positive impact on the GDP growth rate (Lingard Sellar, 2013). Moreover, inclusion of foreign businesses has provided more job opportunity for the Australia people. Globalization has primarily influenced for prime Australian business sector including service, manufacturing, mining and agriculture. End of Protectionism: Zero sum game concept of trade was very much in practice in Australian economy from the beginning. Historically, the management of Australia has believed on the mercantilist concept of selling more and purchasing less from other economies. Moreover, Australian government has maintained restriction on foreign direct investment (FDI) as well (Glatzer, 2012). In fact, it has focused on trading its vast gold reserve and other natural resources. However, it has increased the rate of inflation and unemployment rate in Australian market significantly. In order to boost up the economical enhancement procedure, Australian government has no other option than utilize globalization phenomenon. As a result, the economy has withdrawn all the rules and restriction regarding the entering of foreign businesses within the economy. It has directly increased the standard of life of Australia domestic people. On the other hand, globalization has allowed foreign investors to invest more on Australia for g rabbing the major section of potential market. It has also created positive impact on the employment opportunity for the domestic people of Australia, as companies do not have to face too much restriction in including different advance process or technologies within countries. Thus, end of protectionism has allowed Australia to improve present condition of the economy in an effective manner. Shift in the Manufacturing Sector: As per the article by Dwyer et al. (2013), globalization has allowed economies to create labor-intensive jobs in the manufacturing process. Moreover, it has induced organizations to follow minimum pay guidelines in the manufacturing units, which reduced the adverse impact of low wage manufacturing processes. Over the past two decades, conventional labor-intensive sectors have undergone massive changes that displaced different industrialized economies gradually. Hence, it is reducing the advantage level of industrialized countries. Globalization has provided businesses the opportunity to transfer their production units in different countries where the cost of labor and other raw materials is relatively low. Therefore, most of the prime Australian organization has outsourced the production activities in different countries. The Australian organizations have used contract with low wage counties and FDI for retaining their competitive advantage in the global platform. As per Heckscher-Oh lin factor endowment theory, globalization has provided Australian economy the opportunity to import more labor-intensive products like footwear, textiles and paper from the countries like India, China, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. This outsourcing practice has allowed Australian economy to minimize their human resources for more productive activities. As illustrated by Papastergiadis (2013) globalization has increased the popularity of high technology based manufacturing sector in Australian market. As a result, it has induced Australian people to focus on enhancing present level of knowledge and skills. Comparative advantage theory has described that international trade compel an economy to focus on specific production of products so that it can allow import of required amount of goods in an effective manner. Now, Australia has focused on developing knowledge based economy by producing and designing specific high tech products, which is likely to create positive impact on the manufacturing sector. For instance, outside USA, Australia has the largest Boeing operation and it is growing at a rapid rate in both sales and RD sector (Dwyer et al., 2013). Globalization has also allowed businesses to perform decentralized manufacturing activities for achieving success in the market. For instance, decentralization has allowed General Moto rs Holden to utilize Australian economy as a center of excellence for producing and designing Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) cars. According to QIU, YE SUN (2012) globalization has also provided the opportunity of using flexible accumulation technique in their production procedure. Now, flexible accumulation reflects subcontracting, downsizing, increasing use of temporary workers, decreasing weight of industrial sector that is minimizing the power of trade union and government regulations. Introduction of globalization has induced Australian economy to become more lean and flexible. As a result, it has allowed businesses more opportunity to reach to its niche market with the appropriate fulfillment of customers needs and wants. Therefore, it has allowed Australia to achieve continues growth in the production volume, which has eventually increased the rate of growth of the economy. Growth in the Service Sector: Globalization has also revolutionized the way service sector conducted their business activities. Presently, Australia represents one of the biggest mixed market economies across the globe. Service sector represents around 50% of the total Australian GDP, which is accounted close to 80 billion (Chan, He Wang, 2012). Australian service sector includes financial institutes, trade, wholesale, education, tourism and healthcare. Globalization has allowed Australian economy to achieve consistent growth that has also created positive impact on the businesses of the financial institution. Forbes has mentioned that 6 out of 10 biggest organizations in Australia are financial service providers or banks. Increasing use of financial services has allowed strong showing of the economy, which eventually created boom in the property market, strengthen consumer confidence and investment over the past two decades. Geographical position of Australia along with highly advanced financial sector has allo wed Australian firms to focus on different other Asian and European market for business purposes. Globalization has induced majority of the economies to relax most of the regulations related to international businesses. As a result, it has increased the mobility of capital across the countries in an effective manner. It has enhanced the growth rate of Australian financial institutions in a major way. For instance, Australian GDP has increased on an average of around 7% per year during the time 1970 to 1997. On the other hand, FDI increased by 31% and international trade increase by around 12% per year (Graves Shan, 2014). Global investment opportunity has enlarged the potential market for Australian financial institutions. In addition, it also reduces the risk associated with fluctuation in market rates and exchange rates. Globalization has allowed financial services to segregate the risk into different markets for achieving success in the market. In addition, globalization has allowed organizations to focus on enhancing their present IT infrastructure for providing higher quali ty of services (McDonald, Mayes Pini, 2012). Australian economy is very advanced and maintains close proximity with higher growth markets in Europe and Asia. Therefore, it has allowed Australian economy to include different advance tools in medical and healthcare facilities, which has created direct positive impact on the quality of living in the Australian market. Globalization has increased the growth of tourism sector significantly. Globalization has allowed foreign visitors to come in the country freely. It has allowed Australia to emerge as one of the biggest tourist destination of the entire world. Presently, estimated value of tourism industry is around 63.3 billion, which represent around 3% of total Australian GDP. Moreover, it has provided job to around 580,000 Australian people that reflects 5% of the total workforce (Jungmittag, Reger Reiss, 2013). Impact on Agricultural Sector: Traditionally, agriculture represents a prime major export element of Australia, as it endowed with favorable climate and large land area. Australian tariffs and subsidies have also contributed to the enhancement of agricultural sector. Now, increasing workforce in the knowledge and skill based sector has induced farmers to focus on developing more efficient agricultural for fulfilling the needs of the economy. As a result, it increases the demand for high quality seeds and other supplementary products associated with agricultural sector. Now, farming often requires bigger labor force, which has induced different developed countries to focus on import products for fulfilling their food needs. Globalization has provided Australia the opportunity to target those economies for conducting their export activities effectively. Moreover, it has allowed Australian government to invest more on RD of agricultural, which is necessary for maintaining competitive advantage in the market. Australi an government also has not protected the agricultural activities like Europe or UK market, as it can create challenges in exporting products consistently. Therefore, globalization has enhances the demand of Australian firms product significantly. Presently, Australian agricultural industry value is around $155 billion, which is close to 12% of the entire GDP (Schandl West, 2012). For that reason, several research institute and organizations has been formulated in Australia for achieving production efficiency even further. Therefore, the agricultural sector in Australia is likely to achieve consistent growth due constant increase in the production efficiencies. Improvement of Mining Sector: As per the article by Simas et al. (2014), globalization has also created massive impact on the business activities associated with the mining sector. The present usage of energy is not likely to slow down in near future. In fact, US Energy Information Administrator (EIA) has projected around 35% increase in the energy consumption by 2035 (McIntosh, 2012). Now, Australias global mineral resources possess relatively high supply concentration due to the favorable location. It is increasing the present level of prices for the mineral products. It has increased the needs of Australian mineral resources, which eventually increases the market potential significantly. However, mineral resources also create major environmental issues that Australian economy has accounted for achieving success in the global market. Moreover, the world is moving towards the coal-generated electricity. Therefore, it has increased the demand for Australian coal in the global market. Globalization has allowed Aus tralian Coal Association to target different foreign market for enhancing the revenue level of the industry (Alexeeva Anger, 2016). Presently, Australia is the biggest coal exporting country that has its presence in almost all across the globe. Now, increasing reach in the global market has induced Australian energy or mining sector to become technology dependent and high capital intensive (Ridoutt et al., 2014). Moreover, globalization has also allowed Australia to emerge as the major exporter of liquefied natural gas in the entire Asia Pacific region. Globalization has allowed this sector to achieve consistent growth in the global market activities. It has allowed all the prime energy organizations of Australia to operate all across the globe for enhancing the revenue level even further. For instance, globalization has allowed energy organizations like BHP Billiton to establish its presence in all parts of the globe (Reeson, Measham Hosking, 2012). Conclusion: The above illustration has highlighted the fact that globalization has completely transformed the way entire business activities are conducted in the market. It has created impact across sectors that allowed Australia to achieve continues economic growth in the market. Before introduction of globalization, Australian economy was struggling to provide desired life to all the citizens. However, globalization has allowed Australia to emerge itself as one of the strong economy in the entire market. It has allowed manufacturing sector to enhance their quality of production, which has reduced the requirements of energy sources. On the other hand, it has revolutionized the tourism and medical services in a massive way. In addition, it has also helped energy and mining sector of Australia to grow consistently. To conclude, it can be mentioned that globalization phenomenon has completely transformed the economical condition of Australia. References: Alexeeva, V., Anger, N. 2016. The globalization of the carbon market: Welfare and competitiveness effects of linking emissions trading schemes.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,21(6), 905-930. Chan, H. K., He, H., Wang, W. Y. 2012. Green marketing and its impact on supply chain management in industrial markets.Industrial Marketing Management,41(4), 557-562. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R., Hoque, S. 2013. Economic impacts of a carbon tax on the Australian tourism industry.Journal of travel research,52(2), 143-155. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R., Hoque, S. 2013. Economic impacts of a carbon tax on the Australian tourism industry.Journal of travel research,52(2), 143-155. Glatzer, W. 2012. Cross-national comparisons of quality of life in developed nations, including the impact of globalization. InHandbook of social indicators and quality of life research(pp. 381-398). Springer Netherlands. Graves, C., Shan, Y. G. 2014. An empirical analysis of the effect of internationalization on the performance of unlisted family and nonfamily firms in Australia.Family Business Review,27(2), 142-160. Jungmittag, A., Reger, G., Reiss, T. (Eds.). 2013.Changing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: globalization and new ways of drug development. Springer Science Business Media. Lingard, B., Sellar, S. 2013. Globalization, edu-business and network governance: the policy sociology of Stephen J. Ball and rethinking education policy analysis.London Review of Education,11(3), 265-280. McDonald, P., Mayes, R., Pini, B. 2012. Mining work, family and community: A spatially-oriented approach to the impact of the Ravensthorpe nickel mine closure in remote Australia.Journal of Industrial Relations,54(1), 22-40. McIntosh, A. 2012. Thinking space: Ten truths about Australia's rush to mine and the mining workforce.Australian Geographer,43(4), 331-337. Papastergiadis, N., 2013.The turbulence of migration: globalization, deterritorialization and hybridity. John Wiley Sons. QIU, B., YE, L. F., SUN, S. Q. 2012. An Empirical Study on the Impact of GPNs on China's Manufacturing Industries' Upgrading in Global Value ChainsAn Analysis from the Perspective of ESI [J].China Industrial Economics,1, 008. Reeson, A. F., Measham, T. G., Hosking, K. 2012. Mining activity, income inequality and gender in regional Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,56(2), 302-313. Ridoutt, B. G., Page, G., Opie, K., Huang, J., Bellotti, W. 2014. Carbon, water and land use footprints of beef cattle production systems in southern Australia.Journal of Cleaner Production,73, 24-30. Schandl, H., West, J. 2012. Material flows and material productivity in China, Australia, and Japan.Journal of Industrial Ecology,16(3), 352-364. Simas, M. S., Golsteijn, L., Huijbregts, M. A., Wood, R., Hertwich, E. G. 2014. The Bad Labor footprint: quantifying the social impacts of globalization.Sustainability,6(11), 7514-7540.

Hips Feel Good free essay sample

The principle behind the campaign is to celebrate the natural physical variation embodied by all women and inspire them to have the confidence to be comfortable with them. The campaign featured normal women of different shapes and sizes recruited in a number of ways; one was approached in the street, another answered an ad which was placed in a local South London newspaper. This campaign has also spurred on a phenomenon whereby attractive women with bodies that better reflect 95% of the female population are referred to as Dove Mediocrities. As part of this campaign, in 2006, Dove started the Dove Self-Esteem Fund that claims to change the Western concept of beauty from ultra-thin models with perfect features to making every girl (and woman) feel positive about her looks, no matter what they are. In an effort to promote the Fund, Dove ordered a series of highly-successful online-based short films promoting the self-esteem concept, which to date includes Daughters (which also aired as a 75-second television spot souring the Super Bowl XL), Evolution (which went on to win a number of honors, including two Cannes Lions Grand Prix awards), Onslaught, and Amy. We will write a custom essay sample on Hips Feel Good or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This case describes the situation of Dove as a brand and presents a proposal of what the strategy must continue in order to remain successful and attractive to the consumers. Problem Statement In order to gain market share, Dove has launched a campaign that has the purpose of improving brand image by connecting the to a new concept of beauty. This concept relies on the idea that beauty is not longer a utopian state based on the typical stereotypes of beautifulness; instead, this new concept is based on real people of different shapes, sizes, and colors, encouraging people to love themselves as they are. The first results were successful; Dove made a bond with the society and people started to identify themselves with the brand and therefore demanded more of Dove’s products. However, changing the world’s concept of beauty is not an easy task. On one hand, people have an innate tendency to compare themselves with the established stereotypes pushing them to desire perfect beauty and alternatively, competitors’ strategies are built on ideal beauty, so either they will fight back against real beauty campaign or they will copy the strategy. This is because they compare themselves against a very specific standard of beauty, which only few people fit (for example, supermodels). Leaving aside marketing and commercial efforts, it is a fact that there is no product in the world that can make miracles happen; this means that no body cream or beauty product can change a normal woman into a supermodel. As a result, the strategy of Unilever was to bring down the measurement line (or widen the definition) by telling the world a revolutionary idea linked to the Dove Brand, â€Å"beauty comes in all sizes, colors and shapes†. Unilever got as result more women feeling attractive, which have now a bond with the brand behind the revolution. Debunking Stereotypes Launched in 2004, the ad campaign featured real women whose appearances are outside the stereotypical norms of beauty. The ads asked viewers to judge women’s looks (Oversized? Outstanding? Wrinkled? Wonderful? ) and invited them to cast their votes on www. campaignforrealbeauty. com. In 2005, Dove launched the second phase of this advertising, showing six real women with real bodies and real curves, which was created to discredit the stereotype that only thin is good-looking. By 2007, Dove launched the third phase of the campaign, attempting to challenge the â€Å"only young is beautiful† stereotype. This was based on the dove global study â€Å"Beauty comes of Age† which revealed 91% of women ages 50-64 believe its time for society to change its view about women and aging. The campaign celebrates the essence of women 50+: wrinkles, age spots, gray hair and all. Currently the campaign for real beauty is focused on how today girls are bombarded with unrealistic, unattainable messages and images of beauty that impact their self-steem. 1 Boosting self-esteem around the world The research also revealed an alarming 74% of 8-13 year-old girls saying they wanted to change their appearance . Based on this, the company created the Dove Self-Esteem Fund, which has the purpose of building self confidence in young girls. The Fund also collaborates with organizations like the Eating Disorders Association (EDA) who are developing new ways to increase self-esteem. EDA has developed a workshop designed to help young girls (and boys) understand and deal with feelings about their physical appearance. It also teaches them about how â€Å"ideal† images of beauty are created. Through these actions, Unilever is increasing their brand awareness and making a bond with young girls which in some way became customers and will remain like that in the future. Controversy with real beauty campaign A situation arose after Dove’s campaign for real beauty was launched. People started thinking that Dove was not sending out the correct message. There were severe responses to each of the phases of the campaign. For the phase called â€Å"True Colors†, in which young girls are shown saying that one hates her freckles and another one â€Å"wishes she was blonde †. The idea behind Dove’s campaign is to say that every woman should love herself just the way she is. The replies many people made included that hating one’s freckles is not necessarily implying a low self-esteem; it is just saying that you dislike some part of your body and that is it. If people embrace fully the campaign and feel that everything is perfect, fat people may eventually show more dangerous health problems because of them being comfortable with their besity. The controversy with this phase of the campaign was that hating one part of your body did not make you a low self-esteem person. The idea for the â€Å"love your hair† campaign was that women spend too much time, energy, money and resources when they go to the beauty salon and they only end up â€Å"frying† their hair, so the y suggest to just love your hair the way it is. The responses to that ad were that, again, wanting to vary your hairdo by using curling irons or by changing its color is not necessarily a sign of low self-esteem. The Dove campaigns were taken to extremes, when all they were trying to achieve was to improve self-esteem. Furthermore, for the Onslaught campaign, reactions included people feeling that they were being mean and judgmental, since â€Å"Participating in fashion, cosmetics, exercise, or even plastic surgery doesnt necessarily make a girl unhealthy. † The argument here is that not because you want to correct a part of your body or your appearance that you are not comfortable with means that you are mentally unhealthy or that you have low self-esteem. The idea is that Dove’s campaigns should not be as radical as they are being handled. It is clear that they don’t think that the beauty industry is evil, they are the second largest participant. Contradictions at Unilever: Dove vs. Axe Unilever faced controversy due to two contrary brand advertisings. First, the one for Dove that praises women and their natural beauty and also the one for Axe, which is seen by some people as blatantly objectifies and degrades women. The idea behind Axe’s campaign is to appeal to boys and young men by presenting very attractive women that will instantly go after them if they use the product. Axe, being another product from Unilever, opposes completely the idea behind the Dove campaign. Many people see this opposing ideas as offensive, which has brought negative publicity to Unilever. In the end, Unilever is a big part of the beauty industry: â€Å"It is the world’s second biggest advertiser and manufacturer of skin whiteners, diet drinks, cosmetics, and other beauty products. Many people are not taking so seriously the campaign for Dove, since the same agency worked on the campaign for Axe . Such divergent propositions send mixed ideas to the market, making them not want to purchase Unilever’s products. Contradictions at Unilever: Greenpeace vs. Dove Unilever faced another challenge: when they released the Onslaught campaign, Greenpeace replied to it by producing a video very much alike but titled: Onslaught(er), portraying how Unilever’s products come from natural resources and the company is doing nothing to replenish what they are using. What Greenpeace argues as being the main reason for their campaign is the following: â€Å"As the biggest single buyer of palm oil in the world, Unilever has a special responsibility to help clean up the industry thats behind so much forest destruction . † Environmentalists, naturalists and other groups reacted to the campaign, putting pressure over Unilever, who then had to take action and engage in social responsibility programs that are supposed to help the environment. The campaign aired for two weeks only, but the pressure was such, that Unilever had to start operating a plan to prevent deforestation and to encourage reforestation. Alternatives Analysis 1- Keep creating deeper connections with women on the most personal level. This means, intensify the corporate social responsibility of the brand by stretching even more the bonds and building truth among customers, making a movement instead of a campaign. By doing this the company can remain close to the customers identifying real needs, and helping the society fight the stereotypes of beauty. 2- Modify the actual direction of the real beauty campaign through a less realistic and more institutional campaign. This mean maintaining the campaign by talking and bluffing a lot about the issue but expending less money and effort in trying to solve stereotypes beauty problems of society and focusing more on sales strategies which take advantage of the emerging awareness of the brand. 3- Change the direction of the campaign by leaving aside the real beauty and reinforce the functional strengths of the brand as the mildness. The company can take advantage of the recent awareness of the brand and give a change of direction based on the functional strengths. Key decision criteria Key Decision Criteria could be: †¢ Possibility to gain Market Share (M. S. ) †¢ Increase Revenues (I. R. ) †¢ Improve the brand image (B. I. ) †¢ Strengthen the brand (B. S. ) †¢ Perception as an outstanding product (O. P. ) †¢ Stockholder Satisfaction (S. S. ) †¢ Reach new customers (N. C. ) †¢ Improve communication about Dove products (I. C. ) Evaluation of the Key decision criteria in a decision-making matrix (-1, 0, +1): Alternative M. S. I. R. B. I. B. S. O. P. S. S. N. C. I. C. Sum 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -7 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 Decision-making Matrix Recommendations In order to prepare Dove for the next stage of the re-launch, the question is what is the goal of Dove for the next stage? Was the target of the first stage to strengthen the brand and the perception of the brand at their customers through outstanding campaigns, the next step is to keep and strengthen the whole image even to increase it , in order to gain more revenues. Another goal is to communicate the Dove products so that statements in advertisements appear more sincere. The main problem here is the competition. It can be expected that the competition will adopt parts of the successful marketing strategy and try to gain hereby market-share. Due to the fact that the first re-launch produced already all the demanded improvements and the competition is now aware of the marketing strategy of Dove it is hard to establish new ways to keep or even increase revenues and the brand-equity. But according to the decision making matrix alternative 1 is the best option to reach this ambitious goal. Compared to the other two alternatives, alternative 1 is honest with the target-group of Dove and it gives possibilities to reach new customers and thus increase the revenues and participate more market-share. The first step for the additional re-launch stage is to keep and strengthen the already established bond between women. Regarding the statistics, just two percent of all requested women believe that they are pretty. So the main goal has to keep on tracking the 98percent that don’t believe in their natural beauty. That means to follow the started campaigns in TV, radio, in school as well as the catalogs for moms and daughters. The catalogs and workshops have to be updated frequently in order to provide the most actual information and service to the customers and to gain constant interest in it. The updates have to occur simultaneous to the launch of new products and thus to the development process. But beside the passive connection to the customer as readers and silent participants of the workshops, the active part has to be reinforced. Customers should have the feeling that they are part of Dove, by having the opportunity to run workshops and to share their experience with other participants. The next step for Dove to gain revenues would be the 2% of the women who think they are already pretty as an additional target group. Thereby Dove has to act very sensitive. Instead of changing their way of advertising with â€Å"normal average looking† women of the street, Dove could launch promotions at fashion shows or beauty events. Thus Dove could advert to their advantages in comparison to other products and that even â€Å"models† can take care of their beauty with Dove products. Hereby Dove has to act very careful in order not offending their core target group, the 98% of women who don’t believe in their natural beauty. A wrong launched campaign would be seen as perfidiousness. Finally, new campaigns could be launched in areas where Dove was not active so far. For example catalogs and workshops in kindergartens, nursing homes, or in charity accommodations, in order to gain more positive media perception. Dove could also work together with dermatologists that support the companies’ statements about the natural ingredients and affirm the difference to competitor products. Therefore a new medical product line for dermatologists and pharmacies could be developed. Dove could also consider about launching a business-line and providing workshops and guidebooks to companies where the skin of people is stressed, like the mining-, steel- and construction industry, etc. Implementation Plan According to the recommendation, the plan is to strengthen the brand position by stretching more the bonds with women. In order to do this, the first thing to do is to identify whether the ideal of beauty has changed in the past 5 years. A marketing research must be conducted to learn how the perception of beauty has evolved and what the current trends are in terms of beauty products. Secondly, a study of competition campaigns has to be done to see whether copying Dove’s campaign is being also successful for them or whether they are using a different strategy to compete. Based on these researches, the next step is to prepare a reinforcement of the campaign by adding new and innovative ads using new concepts of beauty, which could be for example intelligence, self-confidence, professional realization or family (not only physical aspects). These would improve the bond that existed with women, because consumers will realize that Dove is evolving together them. This will give Dove a competitive advantage because the competition is now copying the strategy that Unilever launched years ago. This reinforcement gives a good opportunity to use new channels that were not used before and could be used to leverage the brand potential and reach new consumers. Throughout the implementation of this strategy it is important to also maintain and improve stakeholders engagement, and to do this Unilever must establish social responsibility programs and they need to work together with dermatologists that support the companies’ statements about the natural ingredients and affirm the difference to competitor products, this will project to the consumers the message that Dove cares about the environment, one of the things that currently is seen as attractive in a brand and that makes a company sustainable through the years. Finally, the active participation of women has to increase by creating more opportunities of interaction, like blogs or discussion forums and bringing more people to participate in these activities. Also the use of workshops, expos, congresses and appearance of Dove in social events that are important for women today will be key to improve the participation in the campaign and to obtain a full involvement of the consumer.

Classical conditioning vs. Operant conditioning essays

Classical conditioning vs. Operant conditioning essays Classical conditioning vs. Operant conditioning Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are different learning methods. What exactly is conditioning? Conditioning is the acquisition of specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli. Both classical and operant conditioning are basic forms of learning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Manipulating reflexes does this. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals with more cognitive thought process. These two forms of learning have similarities and differences. Their similarities are that they both produce basic phenomena. One such phenomenon is acquisition. Both types of conditioning result in the inheritance of a behavior. One of the most famous of experiments that illustrates classical conditioning is Pavlov's Dogs. In this experiment, Pavlov sat behind a one-way mirror and controlled the presentation of a bell. The bell was the conditioned stimulus. A conditioned stimulus was an originally neutral stimulus that could eventually produce a desired response when presented alone. Directly after the ringing of the bell, Pavlov gave the dog food. The food was the unconditioned stimulus. This means that the food caused an uncontrollable response whenever it was presented alone. That response would be the salivation of the dog. A tube that was in the dog's mouth then measured the saliva. When the unconditioned stimulus (US) was paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS), it eventually resulted in a conditioned response. Extinction results if there is a decrease in frequency or strength of a learned response due to the failure to continue to pair the US and the CS. Extinct ...

Maketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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A Worn Path by Eudora Welty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Worn Path by Eudora Welty - Essay Example of an ordinary day in the life of an old woman however, looking deeply into the symbolisms and details in the story, there are a lot of theories one could delve into. The title of the story for one attracts readers to analyze why it has been entitled so. As the story unfolds, it is understood that the travel on that day was not a first for Phoenix instead, it seemed like a regular trek she took as revealed by the nurse in the hospital she visited in the city. Thus, it could be a description of the travel the old woman took from time to time, making her path a very familiar one. The hunter she met along the way assumed she was a hundred years old and her encounters with the scarecrow, the dog and the nurse in the hospital show that her mind was failing as she claimed it herself. Thus, walking the familiar path was like to her, doing routine chores, knowing where to rest, where to cross or where not to go to so that one would think that it was not a purposeful trip as the main character believed. Her musings to herself pictures an old woman suffering from dementia and this idea is even more established when the final part of the story is pointed ou t. In earlier parts of the story, readers were informed that the old woman was left with an only grandson however, when she took the two nickels, she thought of buying his son a present, a little paper windmill. Surely, she would not have a four year old son yet she thought of buying him a paper windmill, fit for a child; showing the old woman has problems with her memory. The worn path could also be referred to the circumstances that happened to the old woman that day, showing that such events happen daily in different lives with people of different status and race. Dishonesty, ridicule, goodness, help and giving are common ways in life that are encountered daily making it a worn path. Choosing a black woman as the main character, the author might have considered her to be a representation of centuries old prejudice

The Current Trends In Computer Hardware Platforms Information Technology Essay

The Current Trends In Computer Hardware Platforms Information Technology Essay as time is changing so is the market trends in computer hardware and software technology and the future of computer hardware looks to be more unpredictable the reason behind the cause is the troubles between the hardware and software engineers and so we can say in future the hardware may be declining as the software market is growing and is getting edge over it. But at the same time we should know that the hardware market can not be completely eliminated .The market demands for hardware are changing continuously because it requires new faster ,better and more compatible hardware and another changing trend in this market can be seen that there are more jobs in computer software market compare to hardware technology and the reason behind the fact is that there is more space available in advancement of software technology compare to hardware. But at the same time hardware technology is and will continue to bring new applications to make business and life easier. There is a new and more applicable type of technology which is being used in common hardware technology now a days is known as the cots. The cots stands for commercial of the self products and it has proven to be more trustable and dependable in changing computer technology. Cots is helping the computer software developers to make new products and hardware platform for adding the custom hardware for example USB which has proven to be precedence as the leader in external hardware transfers and cots also helping in the advancements such as XML PROTOCOL and new wireless advances(low risk cots 2005) another computer hardware technology which is commonly used is known as the microcontroller unit (mcu)which is being commonly used in automobiles and smart card industry. the 16 bit and 32 bit +mcu are key products are key products in high end consumer products. Automotive applications and industrial control hardware and mcus board application and wide range of embedded memory are helping to generate good revenue and on the other side mcus will continue to see their application in products other then in home computers which is giving a vision to hardware developers for innovations in this field .as the trends in computer hardware and software technology are changing which demands that the engineers of both field should work together and improve their communication to achieve theirs specified goals. With the increase of cpus capacity the software created will continually take up more than enough room which allows continues growth of cpus industry.(sauer2004) trends in computer hardware by Mathew nelson published october21,2008 ANSWER QUESTION 2 PRINCIPAL TOOLS FOR BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN BUSINESS The most commonly used business tools which are being used now days increase the cost, functionality of the business. they increase the business intelligence complexity and decrease the total no of the customers. These tools are categorised as Excel Reporting tool Olap tool Data mining tool Excel The most commonly used tool in business intelligence now days is excel and its not surprising because it has certain reason behind this which are Ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s very economical Its widely used its user friendly for example you can send an excel sheet to anyone without any problem whether the recipient knows how to read the nos . It has a lot of functions which enables the users to display data And in real its has been so much liked by the users that all third party reporting/olap tools have an export to excel functionality even for home built solutions the ability of excel exporting numbers needs to be built. In short we can say that excel is the best tool in business intelligence for its operations reporting and goals tracking. Reporting tool We can divide this tool into two groups one is the custom built reporting tools and the second is the commercial reporting tools and they help the users to make schedule and their reports and help them to implement and thus providing them some flexibility. Reporting tool selection plays important role in the selection of olap tool so we have to discuss a little more about the reporting tool selection criteria REPORTING TOOL SELECTIO BUY VS BUILD To buy or build reporting tool for any business intelligence is dependant on its requirements.which can be categorised as Number of reports because higher the numbers of reports there will be more requirement of buying a reporting tool because it will not only help to make the new reports but also will hep to report management systems and will make the business maintenance and support functions easier. Desired report distribution mode helps to access the reports through the variety of channels which would make sense to invest in a third party reporting tool that already comes packaged with these distribution modes. If the users need to create their own ad hoc reports than it would be a good idea to purchase reporting tool. REPORTING TOOL FUCTIONALILITIES Data is useless unless if its not transmitted effectively and its stays in data warehouse so presentation layer is of very high importance. So evaluation of reporting tools depends on the following points which are Data source connection capabilities Scheduling and distribution capabilities Security features Customization Export capabilities Integration with Microsoft office environment Popular tools Business objects Cognos Actuate OLAP Tools This tool is mostly used by the advanced users and it helps out to look data from multiple dimensions and it is used for multidimensional analysis. Now there are some basic factors we should keep in mind to select this tool which are Buy vs build Olap tools help to sort out data by slicing or dicing which requires strong metadata layer along with much complex flexibility which are very difficult features to have in any home built systems so if there is any need to go for olap analysis so its better to go for existing one rather than building a new from scratch. Olap tool functionalities There are two types of olap tool one is known as molap the other one is rolap and they function differently Molap in this type of olap tool data travels in the form of cube when its received from the data ware house it aggregates in the form of cube and when we request report molap tool generate it quickly because it is stored already in the cube. Rolap is the type of olap tool which acts as a smart SQL generator and it mostly comes with a designer piece where data warehouse administrator can specify relationships between the relation tables as well as how dimensions attributes map to the underlying database tables. Now a days there is convergence in traditional molap and rolap vendors because rolap vendors know that customers want their reports fast so they use molap functionalities in their tools while molap know that most of time it becomes impossible for them to deliver detail data because of their cube formation and size problems. Criteria for evaluating vendors are Ability to leverage parallelism supplied by rdbms and hardware Performance Customization efforts Security features Metadata support Popular tools Cogon Business objects Hyperion Microsoft analysis services Pentaho Palo olap server Data mining tool This is a very rarely used tool in business intelligence only few specialized users use it. It is basically used for finding correlation among different factors. Ref/http://www.ikeydata.com/datawarehousing/business-intelligence-tools.php ANSWER QUESTION 3 Information systems at different levels of management in an organization DEFINATION Information system of an organization is a computer base system that provides up to date data of company performance for example company inventory and sale. This system is connected normally with a computer network in which different computers are being connected in order to share data and resources. The role of information system in an organization is to store, retrieve,transmitt and manipulate data or information which is used in different processes of an organization. these information systems take out the information which is useable at all levels of organization ,strategic, tactical and operational. The information systems which normally deal with the general management functions is known as management information system or (MIS).A good example of an MIS is the corporate annual report of stakeholders which is also known as the schedule report.there are some iother information systems are being at different level of organization for example enterprise resource planning (ERP) and executive information systems(EIS) which provide packaged modules of programs taht perform the same function but with greater functionality ,flexibility and integrated capabilities.there are different information systems are being used in an organization at different levels for example TPS,ESS,and DSS. TPS TPS or also known as transactional processing systems is a type of information systems which collects modifies retrieves and store the data transaction of an enterprise. A transaction is a process in which data is modified before storage in information system.TPS Plays a vital role in commercial organization success because it makes sure that all orders are being delivered in time and payments between the suppliers and partners are made in time so tps has become a vital part of effective business management led by such organizations such as association of work processing improvement and transaction processing performance council.TPS ensures the speedy transfer of data and progression of processes throughout the enterprise.TPS has different characteristics. Rapid processing Reliability Standardisation Controlled access Atomicity Isolation Durability http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/transaction-processing-systems.htm ESS (EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEM) This system help the senior management to take some important decions and mostly rely on the external data rather than the data available internally and decisions are being made on the basis of the world changing outside the organization which is a very delicate issue so it is necessary for this system to be flexible and easy to manipulate because the problems and situations which the senior management face most of the time is always changing. Executives face problems in making decisions in ESS because the information they get through it most of the time its overloaded and to make important decisions its necessary to drill down the maximum information to make it right. as with the advancements of technology ESS is being able to link up internal data to external data to make it more useful for the executives to make important organizational decisions and many executives are turning to the web to provide flexibility they need .ESS only provides the information not the decisions now its the management who have to use its experience ,education and knowledge and business environment to make their decisions. http://www.scribd.com/doc/9657403/Executive-Support-Systems-ESS DSS (DECISIONS SUPPORT SYSTEM) The dcsion support system educates the students in design implementation and use of computerised systems which support business mangers in decision making decisions support is different from MIS and IS because it not only provides the users the information ,data or reports but it also provides the answers of its customers quries in other words decisionsor we can say DSS help out managers to make decisions .DSS is the system which encompasses various mathmetical models and it has different segments to study for example information systems,data base management,networks and telecommunication security,DSS implementation and development, visual interface design, as well as various mathematical modelling techniques specific computer languages skills c++ ,visual basic and java.DSS is a well demanding field in the market and its graduates always find good job prospects. Over 100 companies and government organizations interview the dss professional for bit seniors DSS typical obtain job in in formation technology. Job titles are mostly system developer, system analyst,programmer analyst,data base developer,network administrator etc. The largest single type of employer of DSS option graduates is typically consulting firms such as Accenture, KPMG, CGI, Deloitte TouchÃÆ' ©, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Booz Allen Hamilton, among many others. However, numerous other types of companies and organizations hire DSS graduates to work in various IT-related jobs. http://www.bit.vt.edu/academics/dss_index.html

Transformation in “An Imaginary Life”

Tables Made into Trees Transformation is one of principal themes of David Malouf’s short novel An Imaginary Life. Sent to a barbarian village in the outskirts of the Roman Empire, Ovid is forced to make changes to himself to find even the smallest bits of happiness. He starts to notice and absorb nature which, in turn, helps teaches him about himself. He first starts to notice his mental state improving from bleak to bright. He also begins to observe his surroundings and allow them to open his eyes and improve his attitude.These surroundings have a beautiful and powerful effect on Ovid and he learns that they can teach him more about his own emotions and thoughts than society ever could. The Boy is also a part of Ovid’s transformation. He is a tool and a link between human society and nature. While Ovid tries to teach the Boy about human culture, it is the Boy that teaches Ovid about being human. Malouf uses many tools including Ovid’s mind, nature, and the Boy t o facilitate Ovid’s transformation throughout the novel.One of the major aspects of Ovid’s transformation is based on his mental state and his outlook on his situation. The first glimpse we get into his thoughts comes in the opening paragraphs when he is describing what seem to be his surroundings. He portrays the setting as a bleak and dull place with nothing worth mention and no hope to be had but he ends his description with â€Å"But I am describing a state of mind, no place†(16). This shocks the reader and exposes Ovid’s current state of mind. This bleak, pessimistic description is then contrasted to a joyful, beautiful description of a scarlet poppy.The contrast provides insight into the importance of changes in the natural environment, as Ovid is change from being troubled by the bleakness and emptiness of life that surrounds him to being overcome with joy from the color of the poppy. While he is on this high of emotions, he questions whether the p eople from his old life in Rome would look poorly upon him for the exaggerated happiness he feels because of the flower. This shows the separation of his natural surroundings and society. It also marks the beginning of his transformation to natural world acceptance.Ovid’s identity is also molded by his surroundings. He starts to adapt to his new home and become more in tune with the people and the landscape. An example is when he starts to learn hunting from the village people. It brings him closer to nature which, in turn, teaches him aspects about himself. He finds himself able to purely express himself physically and emotionally rather than being caught up in Roman traditions. He learns that nature has the ability to teach men about human existence. The societies, like him, are shaped by their surroundings.In Rome, he was surrounded by civilized and advanced culture. This culture had formed by changing the nature that surrounded them. They built great buildings and intrica te roads; thus distancing themselves from nature. This not only changed the way they lived, but the people that lived there. On the other hand, the barbarians that Ovid was exiled to live with are much closer to nature. They live more modestly and are more in tune with the environment. When the poet is engulfed by this society, he changes naturally to fit in over time. Even the language changes Ovid.His point of realization of the language’s affects on him is when he decides to teach the boy the barbarian dialect. â€Å"I have come to a decision. The language I shall teach the Child is the language of these people I have come among, and not after all my own. And in making that decision I know I have made another. I shall never go back to Rome†¦ So I admit openly to myself what I have long known in my heart. I belong to this place now. I have made it mine. I am entering the dimensions of my self† (94-95). This is a major turning point in Ovid’s transformatio n.It is when he makes the decision to shed his old life and replace it for his new on one. He is fully submerging himself in this new existence and is opening himself up willingly for change. The Boy is another tool of transformation during the novel. Once again, it can be accredited to the environment and conditions he and Ovid are in. Ovid strives for a sense of belonging and unity with all the elements and tries to force the same upon the boy. After some time he becomes fascinated with the Boy’s ability mimic the sounds of nature.Ovid starts to admire the Boy’s personality and is intrigued by the fact that he has mastered life in nature. Nature and wilderness made by God are what the boy has faced and lived through while all Ovid has done is survive a society made by mere men. The Boy and Ovid are very similar though. They are both affected and react to changes in their environment. When first captured, the Boy reacts violently and is tied up with cloths. This is sy mbolic as it signifies both the physical and mental restraints caused by the conformity of civilized society.These bonds hold him back just as Ovid’s cultivation impedes him. Later on in the wintertime, the Boy’s sickness reflects both the physical sickness caused by captivity and the lack of freedom that men endure in order to work against, not with, the elements and nature. Conversely, when the Boy is finally released into his natural habitat, he is happy to return and is even willing to care for Ovid in it because he thrives there. At the end of the novel, when he is in the field, he finds ultimate satisfaction and freedom from what he used to be.The vast openness and immensity of the land which once scared him becomes his source of food and drink. Through his progression and changes, he finds himself at and endpoint in which he is satisfied in mind, body, and spirit. The vast openness and immensity of the land which once scared him became his source of food and dri nk. The natural environment impacts Ovid so much that age and small details of life no longer bother him. He sees that the existence of human life is everlasting. He is transformed to the point of total satisfaction. His final statement sums up his conversion to his new self, â€Å"I am there. He benefits from belonging to the wilderness and not being defined by society. Ovid makes a complete transformation over the course of this novel. He is influenced by his surroundings and finds himself being changed by them. These conversions first happen in his mind, then through nature and language, and finally through the Boy. Ovid finds himself changing as the book progresses and reaches a point of complete happiness and contentment at the end of the novel.? Works Cited Malouf, David. An Imaginary Life. New York. Vintage Books, 1996. Print

HIH Insurance Report Essay

Executive Summary The auditing profession plays a significant role in industrialized economies for many years. In the insurance industry, the manner of auditing profession is regulated. The collapse of Health International Holdings (HIH) was recorded as the biggest corporate collapse in the history of Australia. Also an investigation of Royal Commission was warranted by the HIH collapse. Two questions considered in the failures of HIH Insurance: Did the auditors implement their responsibilities and roles? Did the auditors fulfil their auditing work ethically? This report provides an analysis of auditing issues arising from the collapse of HIH Insurance. Among factors that have gave rise to the corporate failure of HIH Insurance, that of the ethics of auditing profession, roles of auditors and effectiveness of audit committee have regarded as particular significance. Contents 1. Introduction HIH Insurance was established when MW Payne Liability Agencies Pty Ltd was incorporated by Michael Payne and Ray Williams joining together to do  business of insurance underwriter in Australia in 1968. Their operations were throughout the world, accompanied with businesses working in numerous countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and the United States (Peursem, Zhou, Flood & Buttimore, 2007). There are many varieties of insurances in the markets of UK, the USA and Australia, involving compulsory insurance (for example, workers’ compensation and third party motor vehicle insurance) and non-compulsory insurance (for instance, home contents and travel insurance) (Kehl, 2001). More than 250 subsidiary companies comprised of HIH Insurance group in a highly complicated structure at the time of liquidation. With net assets of $939 million at 31st June 2000, HIH Insurance used to be the second biggest underwriting insurance in Australia. With debts of about between $3.6 billion and $5.3 billion, HIH Insurance was placed into provisional liquidation on 15th March, 2001 (Peursem et al., 2007). The collapse of the HIH Insurance was considered the largest corporate failure in the history of Australian business. Subsequently, the collapse contributed to the establishment of a Royal Commission to make an investigation on ‘the degree of which behaviours of employees, directors, auditors, advisors and actuaries give rise to HIH failure or concerned undesirable company practices’ appointed by the Australian federal government (Mirshekary, Yaftian & Cross, 2004). Because HIH Insurance was a major insurer in Australia, its collapse had a widespread impact on society (Leung & Cooper, 2003). The purpose of this report is to analyse the audit issues arising from the HIH Insurance collapse. A brief of HIH profile is provided prior to the auditing analysis of HIH Insurance collapse. The next part of this paper is devote d to examine issues related to HIH audit practices with respect to audit independence, audit committee and ethical considerations. 2. Discussion 2.1 Audit Independence The issue of audit independence is fundamental significant in the collapse of HIH Insurance. Audit independence refers to giving an unbiased and objective perspective in the assessment of the results, the performance of audit tests, and the release of the audit report. This is one of the auditor’s characteristics of most crucial importance. In addition, independence is  basic principles of objectivity and integrity (Arens, Best, Shailer, Fiedler, Elder & Beasley, 2010). According to HIH Royal Commission (as cited in Mak, Deo & Cooper, 2005), the Royal Commissioner discovered that Andersen was not independent and had not accomplished the hopes and expectations about the role and responsibilities of acting as an auditor. From when HIH Insurance joined the Health group in 1971, Arthur Anderson performed the audit of HIH Insurance until the provisional liquidation of HIH Insurance in 2001(The HIH Royal Commission, 2003). In the light of HIH Royal Commission (as cited in Johnson, 2004), Justice Owen found out that the following facts were involved in evaluating the independence of Arthur Andersen. The HIH Board of directors included three former partners of Andersen: â€Å"an Andersen partner was a chair of the HIH board and continued receiving fees under a consultancy agreement; an Andersen partner was removed from the audit team after meeting with non-executive directors in the absence of management and the chief financial officer (CFO) was an ex-Andersen partner† (Mak, Cooper, Deo & Funnell, 2007). â€Å"Since HIH management were reluctant to increase the amount of audit fees paid to Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen sought to reduce the amount of work performed on the HIH audit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were stated in comments of Mr Martin, counsel to the Royal Commission (Peursem et al., 2007). Arthur Andersen paid the consultancy fees to Geoffrey Cohen, who was the former Arthur Andersen partner and Chairman of HIH board. With including the services of a secretary and the utilization of Andersen office, these payments totalled at $190,877.60 over a period of nine years (Peurs em et al., 2007). Recognised in Part B of the Code of Ethics, classifications of threats to independence include the threats of intimidation, familiarity, advocacy, self-review and self-interest. Under the Corporations Act, situations generating from any relationship that is possible exist, has existed, or exist should are necessary considered in the possibility of a conflict of interest (Arens et al., 2010). The above facts indicated that a close personal relationship developed and it could be a familiarity threat to the independence of the auditor. In respect of these matters, Arthur Andersen might have lacked independence. Moreover, the declaration by Mr Martin might cause people to question whether the duties with professional scepticism and objectivity were fulfilled by auditors and whether the directors have effect on or put pressure to the auditors (Mirshekary et al.,  2004). This also enabled the independence of Andersen be doubted. In addition, the auditing practice statements (AUP) 32 declared â€Å"no officer of the company to be audited shall receive any remuneration from the firm for acting in an advisory capacity to it on accounting or auditing matters† . Nevertheless, the payments of consultancy fees were not disclosed in the general meeting of the board. This may result in a lack of independence in question (Mirshekary et al., 2004). 2.2 Audit Committee Ineffectiveness of the audit committee was a flawed side in the corporate governance practices of HIH Insurance, which was disclosed in the Royal Commission’s report (Johnson, 2014). Arens et al (2010) showed that audit committee is a subcommittee of board of directors in a company, with specific responsibilities relating to supervise the independent audit function. In many modern companies, audit committee is a complete element of the corporate governance. Audit committees can support the Board of Directors to satisfy about the independence of company, stating by CPA Australia and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (2004). Having most of non-executive directors has been common for the audit committee in recent times, enabling the committee to handle matters with a fair mode and non-conflicts of interest (Mirshekary et al., 2004). According to HIH Royal Commission (2003), Geoffrey Cohen who is the chairman of the audit committee and also the chairman of HIH did not fully read the presentations of auditors. He attended the great majority of the audit committee meetings, accompanied with other senior management. ‘That no occasion on which the auditors met with the members of the audit committee in the absence of management were not disclosed in the evidence’ claimed by Mr White who is counsel to the Royal Commission. This implies that the management of HIH Insurance not acted opposite than usual practice. At the same time, the impartiality of the audit committee is in question (Mirshekary et al., 2004). 2.3 Ethical Considerations There are some ethical issues involved in the audit profession that generated from the collapse of HIH Insurance. Ethics refer to a series of moral values  or principles. Professional auditors can get stuck in many complex circumstances that produced by ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas exist when people is in the face of circumstances which have requirement of decisions about the most suitable behaviour whereas when the available choices require a trade-off ideals or interest (Arens et al, 2010). Auditors must comply with ethical standards whereas acting in the best interests of shareholders. Five ethical principles applying to auditors were identified by the Framework for Assurance Engagements, that is objectivity, integrity, confidentiality, professional behaviour, and professional competence as well as due cares (Arens et al, 2010). Arthur Andersen was paid $5.1 million in audit fees and $2.8 million in non-audit fees from HIH Insurance during the period of 1997 to 2000 (Johns on, 2004). Also Andersen earned $5.097 million in terms of auditing the financial statements of HIH Insurance and $2.824 million from offering HIH Insurance with non-audit services during the last three financial years of HIH Insurance. Whether the supply of such non-audit services was ethical towards Andersen with having best interests of shareholders should be considered. As already mentioned above, â€Å"Since HIH management were reluctant to increase the amount of audit fees paid to Arthur Andersen, Arthur Andersen sought to reduce the amount of work performed on the HIH audit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were stated in comments of Mr Martin (Peursem et al., 2007). This may means a cosy relationship was utilised by Arthur Andersen to know that increasing supply of non-audit services can recoup the loss of assurance fees. The supply of non-audit services by Andersen must also be taken the ethical dilemma of having a duty of care to third parties in consideration. A former accountant at HIH Insurance, Jeffrey Simpson stated that the close connection between HIH Insurance and Arthur Andersen enabled HIH Insurance utilization of aggressive accounting policies. He also expressed that Arthur Andersen consent to the application of these policies in further statements (Mirshekary et al., 2004). In regard to consider Andersen’s duty of care to give an opinion to shareholders that that the statements present a true and fair view, the agreement of Andersen is unethical in question and the auditor’s integrity in pressure situations. 3. Conclusion In conclusion, this report discusses the auditing issues of collapse of HIH  Insurance in the area of audit independence, audit committee and ethical considerations. In relation to Arthur Andersen’s dealing with HIH Insurance, attention that the audit partners and the relationship between senior HIH management have been centred on the independence of Arthur Andersen. The second issue is taken the role of audit committee of HIH Insurance played in the collapse in consideration. Regarding to the ethical considerations that arose from the collapse of HIH Insurance, in particular, the provision of Arthur Andersen’s non-audit services to HIH Insurance, is the final audit issue. Reference List Arens, A. A., Best, P., Shailer, G., Fiedler, B., Elder, R. J. & Beasley, M. (2010). Auditing, Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia (8th ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. : Pearson Australia. CPA Australia and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. (2004). ‘Auditing Handbooks’, Prentice Hall, Sydney. Johnson, R. (2004). READINGS IN AUDITING. Milton, Qld: Wiley. Kehl, D. (2001). HIH Insurance Group collapse. Retrieved 12 January, 2014 from http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/hihinsurance Leung, P. & Cooper, B. J. (2003). The Mad Hatter’s corporate tea party. Managerial Auditing Journal, 18(6-7), 505-516. doi: 10.1108/02686900310482641 Mak, T., Cooper, K., Deo, H. & Funnell, W. (2007). Audit, accountability and an auditor’s ethical dilemma: A case study of HIH Insurance. Asian Review of Accounting, 13(2), 18-35. doi: 10.1108/eb060785 Mak, T., Deo, H. & Cooper, K. (2 005). Australia’s Major Corporate Collapse: Health International Holdings (HIH) Insurance â€Å"May The Force Be With You†. The Journal of American Academy of Business, 6(2), 104-112. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy-m.deakin.edu.au/ehost/detail?sid=7e243edc-d09e-4c37-9206-a24fa7ae207a%40sessionmgr4002&vid=1&hid=4205&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=15674522 Mirshekary, S., Yaftian, A. M. & Cross, D. (2004). Australian corporate collapse: The case of HIH Insurance. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 9(3), 249-258. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.fsm.477015